The oxidation number that is given to chlorine in a chemical combination indicates how many electrons are gained or lost because it is a neutral compound, perchloric acid has a total charge of 0. Hydrogen has an oxidation number of +1,whereas oxygen has an oxidation number of -2. So for the total charge to be 0, 1 hydrogen + 4 oxygen of negative charge added together must equal 0, which will make the oxidation number of chlorine, solving this algebraically +7.
