If we want to get an estimate for the average distance from the sun to a planet, how might we go about doing this? (Choose one answer):

1. By measuring the eccentricity of the orbit, which is directly
related to the size of the orbit's ellipse and hence the distance
from the sun.

2. Measure its orbital period (the time it takes to complete a
single orbit) because Kepler's third law allows us to calculate
the orbit's semi-major axis from this.

3. This cannot be done without sending a probe to the planet.
We have done this for some planets already, but not others.