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Which of the reactions below are spontaneous?(Select ALL that are correct)

a. Succinate + FAD --> Fumarate + FADH2 ∆G = 0 kJ/mol
b. 3-phosphoglycerate --> 2-phosphoglycerate ∆G = 0.8 kJ/mol
c. DHAP --> glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate ∆G = 2.5 kJ/mol
d. Phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP + H+ --> pyruvate + ATP ∆G = -16.7 kJ/mol

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Answer:

d. Phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP + H+ --> pyruvate + ATP ∆G = -16.7 kJ/mol.

Explanation:

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In this case, since spontaneous reactions are characterized by a negative change in the Gibbs free energy of reaction (ΔG<0), we can notice that a, b and c are ruled out because a is at equilibrium (ΔG=0), both b and c are nonspontaneous (ΔG>0); therefore the spontaneous process is:

d. Phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP + H+ --> pyruvate + ATP ∆G = -16.7 kJ/mol

As this ΔG is negative (less than 0).

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