f(x) + n - translate the graph n units up
f(x) - n - translate the graph n units down
f(x + n) - translate the graph n units left
f(x - n) - translate the graph n units right
|f(x)| - reflect over x-axis for x < 0.
[tex]f(x)=|x+2|-5[/tex]
Graph g(x) = x
g(x + 2) = x + 2 → translate 2 units left
|g(x + 2)| = |x + 2| → reflect over x-axis for x < 0
|g(x + 2)| - 5 = |x + 2| - 5 → translate 5 units down
